A Brief Study of German Sinology Origins and the Dissemination of Daoism

Abstract

道教在西方的传播开始较晚且缓慢，但 道家思想在西方世界各个领域中却引起了极 大的兴趣。本论文回顾了汉学研究在德国直 至20世纪中叶的发展历程，旨在梳理西方世 界道教研究的历史。最早用德语介绍道教的 人是奥地利汉学家及日本汉学家奥古斯特• 普菲兹默尔，本文梳理了德国汉学发展的历 史，总结了以下作者的著作及对道教研究的 贡献情况。其中包括安德烈•米勒的著作《中 文钥匙》和致力于语言学研究的克里斯蒂安• 门泽尔；戈特利布•西格弗里德•巴耶尔的 著作《汉语博览》；第一位德国现代汉学研 究专家尤利乌斯•海因利希•克拉普罗特，以 及甲柏连孜的著作《<庄子>的文字对中国语 法的贡献》。从18世纪开始，中德之间开始 了密切的交流，这其中的领军人物不得不提 福柏、理查德•威廉和奥托·福兰阁。20世纪 上半叶的战争使得一些贡献卓著的汉学研究 专家如厄尼斯特•华特•尤利乌斯•西蒙和埃尼 希•海尼士不得不停止了他们的研究工作，但 是在20世纪下半叶，德国又重新掀起了一阵 汉学研究热。 The dissemination of Daoism in the West is a process that, although it begins late and slow, will lead to the great interest that this way of thinking has finally awakened, not only in the academic field, but also in some popular media. In order to clarify the history of the Western study of Chinese doctrine, the present article reviews the contribution of what we call the German sinology until the mid-twentieth century to focus the contribution of the Germanic works. With the recognition that the first works in German language on the Daoism are due to the Austrian sinologist and Japanese scholar August Pfitzmaier, we review the history of sinology in Germany highlighting authors and summarizing their biographies, works and Daoist contributions: Andreas Müller, for his Clavis Sinica; Christian Mentzel, engaged in linguistic works; Gottlieb Bayer, for his Museum Sinicum in quo Sinicæ linguæ et litteraturæ ratio explicatur; Julius Klaproth, the first German to excel in modern sinology and Georg von der Gabelentz, for his pioneering Beiträge zur chinesischen Grammatik, die Sprache des Chuang-Tsi. From the eighteenth century and with the beginnings of Sino-German relations: Ernst Faber, the undisputed Richard Wilhelm and Otto Franke. In the second half of the twentieth century, there was a resurgence of sinological studies throughout Germany, where the war had stopped these activities and had forced numerous renowned specialists such as Ernest Julius Walter Simon and Erich Haenisch to escape.