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Título
Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, aging and exercise: an update
Autor
Facultad/Centro
Área de conocimiento
Datos de la obra
Frontiers in Physiology, 2018, vol. 9, art. 1744
Editor
Frontiers Media SA
Fecha
2018-12-05
Zusammenfassung
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic and multifunctional organelle responsible
for protein biosynthesis, folding, assembly and modifications. Loss of protein folding
regulation, which leads to unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulation inside the ER
lumen, drives ER stress (ERS) and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. During
aging, there is a decline in the ability of the cell to handle protein folding, accumulation
and aggregation, and the function of UPR is compromised. There is a progressive
failure of the chaperoning systems and a decline in many of its components, so that
the UPR activation cannot rescue the ERS. Physical activity has been proposed as
a powerful tool against aged-related diseases, which are linked to ERS. Interventional
studies have demonstrated that regular exercise is able to decrease oxidative stress
and inflammation and reverse mitochondrial and ER dysfunctions. Exercise-induced
metabolic stress could activate the UPR since muscle contraction is directly involved
in its activation, mediating exercise-induced adaptation responses. In fact, regular
moderate-intensity exercise-induced ERS acts as a protective mechanism against
current and future stressors. However, biological responses vary according to exercise
intensity and therefore induce different degrees of ERS and UPR activation. This article
reviews the effects of aging and exercise on ERS and UPR, also analyzing possible
changes induced by different types of exercise in elderly subjects.
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Frontiers in Physiology, 2018