Novel culture chamber to evaluate in vitro plant-microbe volatile interactions: effects of Trichoderma harzianum volatiles on wheat plantlets

Abstract

The field of plant-microbe interactions mediated by Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) still faces several limitations due to the lack of reliable equipment. We present a novel device designed to evaluate in vitro plant-microbe volatile interactions, the plant-microbe VOC Chamber. It was tested by evaluating the effects exerted on wheat development by volatiles from three Trichoderma harzianum strains, a wild type and two genetically modified strains; one expressing the tri5 gene, which leads to the synthesis and emission of the volatile trichodiene, and the other by silencing the erg1 gene, impairing ergosterol production. The wild type and the erg1-silenced strain enhanced fresh weight and length of the aerial part, but reduced root dry weight. Interestingly, no differences were found between them. Conversely, the tri5-transformant strain reduced root and aerial growth compared to the control and the other strains. No differences were observed regarding chlorophyll fluorescence quantum yield and leaf chlorophyll content, suggesting that the released BVOCs do not interfere with photosynthesis. The plant-microbe VOC Chamber proved to be a simple and reliable method to evaluate the in vitro effects of microbial BVOCs on plant development, perfect for the screening of microorganisms with interesting volatile traits.

Availability of data and materials The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors (Antonio Encina and Samuel Álvarez-García) upon reasonable request. All microbiological strains used in this study will be made available to researchers upon reasonable request. VOC Chambers will be made available to researchers upon reasonable request, unless commercial agreements reached with third parties regarding the patent exploitation prohibit it (in which case the VOC Chambers should be available in the market).