RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article
T1 In vitro Susceptibility and Evaluation of Techniques for Understanding the Mode of Action of a Promising Non-antibiotic Citrus Fruit Extract Against Several Pathogens
A1 De Nova, Pedro J. G.
A1 Carvajal Urueña, Ana María
A1 Prieto Maradona, Miguel
A1 Rubio Nistal, Pedro Miguel
A2 Sanidad Animal
K1 Farmacología
K1 Sanidad animal
K1 Non-antibiotic citrus fruit extract
K1 Gram-positive bacteria
K1 Gram-negative bacteria
K1 Pharmaceutical industry
K1 2414.01 Antibióticos
K1 3108.01 Bacterias
K1 3209 Farmacología
AB [EN] The screening for alternatives to antibiotics is an urgent need for the pharmaceutical industry. One of these alternatives seems to be the citrus fruit extracts, which are showing a significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. One of these citrus extracts, named BIOCITRO®, is assessed in this study to elucidate its bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect and its mode of action on the important pathogens Campylobacter coli, C. jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus. For most of the strains tested of these bacteria the product was bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic at the same concentration, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 16 to 256 μg/mL. Regarding the mode of action, important changes in the permeability, structure, composition and morphology of the bacterial envelope were evidenced using flow cytometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The main effect of the product was found over carbohydrates and polysaccharides, inducing the release of microvesicles by the cells in addition to other specific effects. During the study, the techniques used were evaluated to clarify their contribution to the knowledge of the mode of action of the product. The survival test elucidated whether the modifications displayed using other techniques affected the viability of the cells or on the contrary, the cells remained viable even with evident changes in their structure, composition or morphology. Flow cytometry showed that for some strains the proportion of cells detected with altered membrane permeability were higher than the number of non-viable cells, and therefore the damage did not affect the viability of some cells. On the contrary, some cells observed using scanning electron microscopy with no apparent damage, were demonstrated non-viable using the survival test, making this technique indispensable in studies of the mode of action of antimicrobials to make a correct interpretation of the data from other techniques.
PB Frontiers Media
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10612/19334
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10612/19334
NO De Nova, P. J. G., Carvajal, A., Prieto, M., & Rubio, P. (2019). In vitro susceptibility and evaluation of techniques for understanding the mode of action of a promising non-antibiotic citrus fruit extract against several pathogens. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10(APR), Article e884. https://doi.org/10.3389/FMICB.2019.00884
NO Copyright © 2019 de Nova, Carvajal, Prieto and Rubio. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
DS BULERIA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de León
RD 20-may-2024