The activity of 2 populations of wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus, L. 1758), consisting of 14 adults
(>9 mo of age) each (4 males and 10 females), was analysed over 2 consecutive years. Rabbits were
captured in the wild and kept in 2 separate enclosures of 0.5 ha, with each enclosure divided into 2 zones:
a smaller area where warrens were located (breeding area) and a larger area where food and water were
provided (feeding area). Seven rabbits in each enclosure were individually tagged with a microchip (2 males
and 5 females) and, after installing 2 detection devices, it was possible to identify which of the 2 areas they
were located in and record the length of time spent in each. To regulate the size of the breeding population,
young rabbits produced in the enclosures were captured and removed regularly. Considering the number
of movements between areas and the time spent in the feeding area, a circadian activity pattern was found,
reporting 2 maximum activity peaks coinciding with twilight (18.35% of the total movements, 6-8 a.m.) and
daybreak (22.95%, 7-10 p.m.) while activity was dramatically decreased during the midday hours (1.86%,
10 a.m.-4 p.m.). Rabbits displayed a seasonal pattern throughout the year, with maximum activity levels
during winter (45.76% of the total movements, January-March) and spring (42.91%, April-June), which could
be related to higher reproductive activity at this time of the year as a higher breeding output was reported in
June and September. The levels of activity exhibited by males (13.44% daily activity rate) were significantly
higher than those displayed by females (9.80%). No significant differences were found regarding time spent
on the feeding area in relation to season or gender. The average duration of each foray to the feeding area
was higher during the summer, higher for females than males and higher during the middle of the night than
the rest of the day.
