Human Capital, Training Pathways and Educational and Professional Guidance in China

Abstract

政府工作的重点之一是从工业经济和低 工资转向服务业和高工资进行转型。因此， 需要提高人力资本的质量，即提高人口平均 教育水平。实现这一目标的教育措施包括教 育与专业指导。该指导旨在针对劳动力市场 对人口进行优化调整。虽然这是以前中国教 育体系中一直存在的一种衡量标准，但直到 2012年，开始实施教育与专业指导模式才着 重于个人专业的发展。本文通过对教育转 变，是如何从对一个教育阶段到另一个教育 阶段，从一个教育水平到另一个教育水平的 分析，进而研究与辍学相关的问题和因素。 基于社会因素，一旦在整个教育系统中检测 到不同类型的过渡模型，就会将其与教育与 专业指导模型进行对比，特别是与个人职业 发展。在方法层面，将对各项研究和使用数 据库进行一番审查。最后，结果将显示基于 中国学生社会教育转变的不同路线模型。

One of the Government's priorities is to swap from an industrial economy and low salaries to one of Services and high salaries. For this, the government needs to increase the quality of Human Capital, understood as the increase in the average educational level of the population. An educational measure to achieve this goal is to enhance educational and vocational guidance. Orientation is conceived as a measure designed to optimize the adjustment between the education system and labor market. Although it is a measure present in the Chinese educational system before, it is not until 2012, when the government is committed to a model of Educational and Professional Guidance focused on the development of the individual's career. The objective of this paper is to analyze how educational transitions are from one educational stage to another, and from one educational level to another, to know the problems and factors associated with dropped from school. Once detected the different types of transition in the Chinese education system. We contrast it with the theoretical model of educational and professional guidance focused on the development of the individual's vocational career. At the methodological level, a review of the research and of the databases to be used is carried out. Finally, the results show how different itinerary models that Chinese students take according to their socio-educational profile do not fit with the theoretical model of Career Education.