商朝女性配偶词研究（约前1600年——前1046年）= Study on the terms of the female spouse in the Shang dynasty (ca. 1600 a. C. – 1046 a. C.) = Estudio sobre los términos de la cónyuge femenina en la dinastía Shang (ca. 1600 BC - 1046 BC)

Abstract

亲属关系是基于婚姻和血统的最基本的社会基础之一，众所周知，汉语中的亲属 关系是已知语言中最复杂的，但商代（约公元前1600年—公元前1046年）系统却与后世及 今天有着非常大的不同。甲骨文是接近商朝的重要第一手资料，在已发现的甲骨契文中， 与“配偶”的含义有关的词，我们能找到：𥇛、妻、妾、妃、匕（妣）、母、帚（妇） 等，其中大部分仍然在后世使用，但似乎它们那时的含义与后世并不完全相同，一些词甚 至差别很大。通过对女性配偶词的研究，除了能够更好地理解在这一时期的亲属关系外， 我们还可以更好地了解该王朝中妇女的家庭和社会地位。 Kinship is one of the most basic principles of society, based on marriage and blood, and as we all know, the kinship system in Chinese is the most complicated of the known languages, but the Shang Dynasty system (ca 1600 BC - 1046 BC) was very different from those of later generations and today. The Inscriptions on Shell and Bones is an important first-hand corpus to get closer to the Shang dynasty. Among the plates recovered, on the terms related to the meaning of “spouse”, find: 𥇛 (jū), 妻 (qī), 妾 (qiè), 妃 (fēi), 匕 (妣) (bǐ), 母 (mǔ), 帚 (妇) (fù), etc., most of which are still used during later generations, but it seems that their meaning is not exactly the same as later generations, even the meaning of some words is very different. Through the study of these terms of female spouses, in addition to being able to better understand the kinship system during that period of the shangs, we can also better understand the family and social status of women in that dynasty