基于书面语料库的西班牙母语者汉语写作偏误研究 = Corpus-based error analysis of written works in Chinese by Spanish students = Análisis de errores de trabajos escritos en chino por alumnos españoles basado en corpus

Abstract

随着西班牙学习汉语的普及和发展，越来越多的学生选择学习汉语作为外语。但 是，由于 各种因素（语内因素和语际因素）的作用，学生在学习汉语的过程中遇到了许多 困难，并且犯了许多表达错误。本文对于词汇、句子、篇章三个层级的偏误进行了定量和 定性分析。该分析基于西班牙学生汉语作文所建成的语料库，通过分析可得出以下主要结 论：偏误集中在词汇和句子级别，而在篇章层面偏误数量较小；在A1级，语内因素是偏误 的主要成因，而随着汉语水平的提高，语际因素开始发挥更重要的作用；从A1到B1，我们 检测到某些偏误及用法趋于石化。 With the popularity and development of learning the Chinese language in Spain, more and more students are choosing to study Chinese as a foreign language. However, due to various factors -interlinguistic and intralinguistic factors-, students have many difficulties during the learning process and they make numerous mistakes of expression. This article proposes to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the different errors that the students commit, from the lexical, sentence and discursive perspectives. This analysis will be carried out from a corpus of written works in Chinese by Spanish students, and from this analysis we obtain the following main results: errors are concentrated at the lexical and sentence level while at the discursive level the amount of errors is less; at level A1 the interlinguistic factors occupy a predominant place in causing mistakes, and as the level of Chinese rises, intralinguistics factors begin to play a more important role; from level A1 to level B1, we detect certain elements with a tendency to fossilization.