RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Supporting first-grade writers who fail to learn: multiple single-case evaluation of a Response to Intervention approach A1 Arrimada García, María A1 Fidalgo Redondo, Raquel A2 Psicologia Evolutiva y de la Educacion K1 Educación K1 Handwriting K1 Spelling K1 Planning instruction K1 Writing learning difficulties K1 Strategy-focused writing instruction AB We report a multiple-baseline single-case study, based in the response to intervention framework, evaluating transcription-only and transcription-and-planning interventions for young, struggling writers. In a baseline phase, 8 classes of Spanish children at the start of their first year of primary (elementary) education completed short, probe writing tasks twice-weekly over the first 120 days of their school career. During this period, all students received researcher-developed classroom instruction in spelling, handwriting, and text-planning. Students then completed a battery of tests including measures of spelling, handwriting andcomposition quality. On the basis of writing probe tasks and test scores we identified 12 struggling writers for whose written composition performance was below the 15th percentile, relative to the full sample, whose spelling performance was below25th percentile, and whose handwriting was poor. For the next 72 days, these students received twice-weekly, parent-delivered training in transcription skills (handwriting and spelling) or transcription skills plus text planning. Researcherdeveloped classroom instruction and regular probe tasks continued during this phase. All students, in both intervention conditions, showed improvement in handwriting quality relative to Phase 1. 10 students also showed improvement in composition quality, with 8 performing, post intervention, within normal range relative to peers. Our findings demonstrate the value of a response-to-interventionapproach to identification and remediation for struggling writes in their first school year PB Springer SN 0922-4777 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10612/14970 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10612/14970 NO p.865-891 DS BULERIA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de León RD 19-abr-2024