基于西班牙语和汉语的直接引语句法结构研究 = Study of the Syntactic Structures of Direct Speech in Spanish and Chinese = Estudio de las estructuras sintácticas del estilo directo en español y en chino

Abstract

引用是最普遍的语言现象之一。直接引语和间接引语是最主要的两种引用方式。直 接引语具有广泛性，在世界上所有语言中都有使用，因此，在本文中我们主要探究西班牙语和 汉语中直接引语的句法结构。本文大致可以分为两部分：第一部分，从言语行为出发，明确关 于引用的理论问题,确立了引语的最基本的研究对象为言语，其主要包含两部分：语言言语和 语用情态；第二部分则是西班牙语和汉语中直接引语句法结构的研究，涉及到了引入部分和引 用部分的句法关系、直接引语因代词的加入而产生的新的结构变体、直接引语的结构重叠及其 分类。其中，两语言直接引语的区别主要集中在正字法和引入部分的位置上。最后，我们可以 发现，直接引语的广泛性不仅体现在其使用范围上，还体现在了它的句法结构上。 Quote is one of the general linguistic phenomena. The direct speech and indirect speech are its two primary procedures. As the direct speech is universal and it exists in all languages, in this work we focus on its formal structures in two different languages, the Spanish and the Chinese. The study mainly includes two parts. The first part consists in clarifying theoretical questions about quote from speech acts theory. We illustrate that the minimum unit of the study is utterance, which contains a linguistic statement and a pragmatic modality. The second part is to investigate the direct speech’s formal structures in both languages, such as the syntactic relation (hypotaxis, parataxis or other discursive nature) between the introductory expression and the reproduced part; direct speech’s syntactic variants with a series of pronouns (así-como-cómo) and the different types of the structural superpositions in the direct speech. The contrasts of the direct speech in these two languages mainly reside in the orthography and the position of the reproductive framework. In the end, we can conclude that the characteristic of being universal not only reflects on its use, but also on its formal structures.