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Título
Comparison of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Irish commercial pig farms with and without zinc oxide and antimicrobial usage
Autor
Facultad/Centro
Área de conocimiento
Título de la revista
Gut Pathogens
Número de la revista
1
Datos de la obra
Ekhlas, D., Sanjuán, J. M. O., Manzanilla, E. G., Leonard, F. C., Argüello, H., & Burgess, C. M. (2023). Comparison of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Irish commercial pig farms with and without zinc oxide and antimicrobial usage. Gut Pathogens, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S13099-023-00534-3
Editor
BMC
Fecha
2023
Zusammenfassung
[EN] Background The prophylactic use of antimicrobials and zinc oxide (ZnO) in pig production was prohibited by the European
Union in 2022 due to potential associations between antimicrobial and heavy metal usage with antimicrobial resistance
(AMR) and concerns regarding environmental pollution. However, the efects of their usage on the bacterial AMR profles on
commercial pig farms are still not fully understood and previous studies examining the efect of ZnO have reported contrasting fndings. The objective of this study was to examine the efects of antimicrobial and ZnO usage on AMR on commercial
pig farms. Faecal and environmental samples were taken on 10 Irish commercial farms, of which 5 farms regularly used ZnO
and antimicrobials (amoxicillin or sulphadiazine-trimethoprim) for the prevention of disease. The other 5 farms did not use
ZnO or any other form of prophylaxis. Escherichia coli numbers were quantifed from all samples using non-supplemented
and supplemented Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide agar.
Results In total 351 isolates were phenotypically analysed, and the genomes of 44 AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from
4 farms were characterised using whole-genome sequencing. Phenotypic analysis suggested higher numbers of multi-drug
resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates on farms using prophylaxis. Furthermore, farms using prophylaxis were associated with higher
numbers of isolates resistant to apramycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol, while resistance
to ciprofoxacin was more associated with farms not using any prophylaxis. Thirty-four of the 44 AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli
strains harboured the blaCTX-M-1 resistance gene and were multi drug resistant (MDR). Moreover, network analysis of plasmids
and analysis of integrons showed that antimicrobial and biocide resistance genes were frequently co-located on mobile
genetic elements, indicating the possibility for co-selection during antimicrobial or biocide usage as a contributor to AMR
occurrence and persistence on farms.
Conclusions The results of this study showed evidence that antimicrobial and ZnO treatment of pigs post-weaning can
favour the selection and development of AMR and MDR E. coli. Co-location of resistance genes on mobile genetic elements
was observed. This study demonstrated the usefulness of phenotypic and genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance by
combining sequencing and microbiological methods.
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